{"id":7498,"date":"2025-06-29T05:19:41","date_gmt":"2025-06-29T05:19:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vdocipher.com\/blog\/?p=7498"},"modified":"2025-06-30T08:52:42","modified_gmt":"2025-06-30T08:52:42","slug":"mpeg-dash-dynamic-adaptive-streaming","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www-uat.vdocipher.com\/blog\/mpeg-dash\/","title":{"rendered":"MPEG-DASH: Dynamic Adaptive Streaming Over HTTP Explained\u00a0(2025)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>There is a lot that goes on behind every video stream. To stream your videos seamlessly, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vdocipher.com\/blog\/video-streaming-protocols\/\">video streaming protocols<\/a> play a huge role. They break the video into smaller chunks and send it to the viewer. Depending on your requirements and end goals there are several protocols available. One of these is MPEG-DASH, which is widely used to stream videos online.<\/p>\n<p>In this article, I&#8217;d shed more light on what MPEG-DASH is, how it works, and also how it compares to HLS, another streaming protocol.<\/p>\n<div class=\"border-box\" style=\"border: 1px solid;\">\n<p><strong>\u00a0TABLE OF CONTENT<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ol>\n<li><a class=\"hashSmoothScroll\" href=\"#1\">What is MPEG-DASH?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"hashSmoothScroll\" href=\"#1.1\">What is MPEG Dash Playback?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"hashSmoothScroll\" href=\"#2.1\">Is MPEG Dash playback secure for video?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"hashSmoothScroll\" href=\"#2\">How\u00a0streaming over HTTP\u00a0came into existence?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"hashSmoothScroll\" href=\"#3\">How MPEG DASH works?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"hashSmoothScroll\" href=\"#4\">HLS Vs. DASH<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"hashSmoothScroll\" href=\"#5\">How Streaming Platform Utilise HLS DASH?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"hashSmoothScroll\" href=\"#3.1\">Vdocipher provides Dash + Secure Video playback<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"hashSmoothScroll\" href=\"#4.1\">Other MPEG Dash Player without secure video playback<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"hashSmoothScroll\" href=\"#5.1\">How to build the Dash player<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"hashSmoothScroll\" href=\"#6\">DASH is the alternative when we need it<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"hashSmoothScroll\" href=\"#7\">How To Get AES Encryption Online?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"1\">What is MPEG-DASH?<\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">MPEG-DASH is a streaming method. DASH stands for &#8220;Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP.&#8221; Because it is based on HTTP, any origin server can be set up to serve MPEG-DASH streams. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">MPEG-DASH is similar to HTTP\u00a0Live\u00a0Streaming\u00a0(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vdocipher.com\/blog\/2017\/08\/hls-streaming-hls-encryption-secure-hls-drm\/\">HLS<\/a>), another streaming protocol, that breaks videos down into smaller chunks and encodes those chunks at different quality levels. This makes it possible to stream videos at different quality levels and to switch in the middle of a video from one quality level to another one.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"354\"><strong data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"27\">What is DASH Streaming?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"354\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vdocipher.com\/blog\/mpeg-dash\">DASH<\/a> stand for Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP, as the name suggests it&#8217;s it has the \u201cDynamic\u201d bit rate and is \u201cadaptive\u201d to Network performance, that is it changes the bit rate according to network to keep the video playing. Higher the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vdocipher.com\/blog\/2020\/09\/video-quality-bitrate-pixels\/\">video bitrate<\/a> higher the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vdocipher.com\/blog\/2020\/09\/video-quality-bitrate-pixels\/\">video quality.<\/a><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"354\">It\u2019s a modern way of delivering videos over the internet. Instead of sending one big video file, DASH breaks the video into smaller chunks and sends them piece by piece. This helps the video play smoothly, even if your internet speed goes up and down while watching.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"356\" data-end=\"803\">One of the biggest advantages of DASH is <strong data-start=\"423\" data-end=\"443\">adaptive quality<\/strong>. It can automatically switch the video quality based on your current internet speed. If your connection is fast, you get high-definition video. If it slows down, DASH lowers the quality temporarily\u2014so the video keeps playing without buffering. This makes it great for streaming on mobile networks, Wi-Fi, or any setup where internet speed isn\u2019t always stable.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"356\" data-end=\"803\">The video is encoded into multiple quality levels\u2014say, 1080p, 720p, 480p, and so on. When a viewer starts watching, DASH begins streaming the version that suits their network speed. As the network conditions change, it switches to a higher or lower quality, all without interrupting the stream. The player keeps checking every few seconds to decide the best version to show.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"356\" data-end=\"803\">DASH is used by many big platforms and companies that want reliable and flexible video delivery. It works across web browsers, smart TVs, and mobile apps. However, unlike HLS (Apple\u2019s format), DASH doesn\u2019t work natively on Safari or iOS without additional tweaks.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"1.1\"><strong>How Does Dash Streaming Works?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Working of Dash Playback contains majorly three steps<b><\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Segmentation &amp; Encoding<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In this step video is divided into many segments of fewer seconds and index file to keep the track of all the segmentation is created, this index file is also known as the manifest file.<\/p>\n<p>Segments are encoded in various encoding and video quality levels for smaller to bigger files size and the manifest file is updated. Dash Support any encoding standards<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Delivery<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>When the video starts streaming, the device first fetches the index file (manifest file) and then it fetches the proper segment of video one by one from the server using HTTP\/HTTPS\u00a0 by accounting for the network performance.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Decoding and Playback<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Device on receiving the segments decoded each segment and provide the data to the player for video playback.<\/p>\n<p>If during the playback the network performance changes then the player also changes the segment request of high\/low quality depending on the network performance. This makes the video playback adaptive to network performance.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"2.1\"><strong>Is MPEG Dash playback secure for video?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Dash playback is not secure by default, it\u2019s just a technology for adaptive media playback, it does not contain any encryption standards to secure your video, what secure the video is the DRM services. If you want to learn more about the DRM we already have a blog for this \u201cWhat is DRM Technology, its Working &amp; Video Content Protection Types\u201d<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">How\u00a0streaming over HTTP\u00a0came into existence?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:360,&quot;335559739&quot;:120,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Did you know streaming over HTTP wasn\u2019t even a thing until iPhone 3GS came into existence? Up until then, video streaming happened over RTMP and required the Adobe Flash plugin for playback.\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.is\/pxSTb\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Steve Job<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">s was determined to kill Adobe Flash. He vouched for open web standards to take charge of video streaming on web browsers and mobile devices. The industry-backed him and hailed him a savior. Nobody wanted to rest the faith of the entire <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vdocipher.com\/blog\/2020\/09\/encrypted-video-streaming-vdocipher-technology-details\/\">video streamin<\/a>g industry on the shoulders of one corporate.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The death of Adobe Flash<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:400,&quot;335559739&quot;:120,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">To begin with, there were too many problems with Flash. It was proprietary. While the Adobe Flash plugin was compatible with most web browsers of that time, creating Flash content required web developers to buy costly software licenses from Adobe. Flash plugin was a security nightmare even when it was updated fifteen times a month. Setting up a dedicated server for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vdocipher.com\/blog\/2020\/10\/rtmp-encrypted-rtmpe-streaming-technology\/\">RTMP streaming<\/a> was another hassle and wasn\u2019t exactly cheap. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Firewalls would\u00a0disallow traffic over\u00a0port\u00a01935\u00a0essential to\u00a0receive\u00a0content from RTMP servers. Firewalls\u00a0weren\u2019t\u00a0a problem for content\u00a0over HTTP\u00a0since\u00a0port 80 is always set to allow.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Further, Adobe Flash was too resource-heavy for battery-operated devices. It was simply impractical to bring Flash to mobile devices when web standards were constantly evolving. There is a reason death of flash is often regarded as the rebirth of the web we know today.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The\u00a0need for an\u00a0open streaming standard\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:400,&quot;335559739&quot;:120,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Adobe\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/tonybradley\/2017\/07\/29\/the-death-of-adobe-flash-is-long-overdue\/?sh=324af3996f8b\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">killed Flash<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> a few years later, leaving a huge vacuum in the industry. Apple was quick to tap on the opportunity with its proprietary HTTP-based <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vdocipher.com\/blog\/adaptive-bitrate-streaming\">adaptive bitrate streaming<\/a> protocol, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vdocipher.com\/blog\/2017\/08\/hls-streaming-hls-encryption-secure-hls-drm\/\">HLS streaming<\/a>(or HTTP Live Streaming). <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">While HLS addressed every problem associated with Adobe RTMP, it didn\u2019t one. HLS was proprietary just like Adobe\u2019s offering. This development of MPEG had begun.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">DASH was the perfect candidate in the post-Flash world. It was an open streaming method not controlled by a corporation. It allowed video playback on browsers supported by open web standards powered by HTML5. MPEG-DASH did not require users to install any plugin and streaming provider deploys a dedicated RSTM server and would run on existing protocols: HTTP and TCP. The firewall wasn\u2019t a problem either for HTTP servers.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The birth of the first open streaming method: MPEG DASH<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:360,&quot;335559739&quot;:120,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Apparently, some competitors weren\u2019t fine with the situation Apple was putting them into. One of them was Google. Together, they laid the plan for an alternative to HLS, an industry standard that is not controlled in any way by a single corporate but a consortium of independent stakeholders.\u00a0\u00a0More than 50 companies became involved \u2014 Microsoft, Netflix, Google, Ericsson, Samsung, and Adobe included \u2014 and the effort was coordinated by MPEG with other industry organizations such as 3GPP, DECE, OIPF, and W3C.\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dynamic_Adaptive_Streaming_over_HTTP\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">MPEG published\u00a0the\u00a0Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP\u00a0(DASH)<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> standard\u00a0in April 2012\u00a0as MPEG-DASH\u00a0and\u00a0revised\u00a0it\u00a0in 2019 as MPEG-DASH ISO\/IEC 23009-1:2019.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"border: 1px solid #DEE2E6!important; border-radius: 0.25rem!important; background-color: #ecf0f1;\">\n<p style=\"font-size: 19px !important; font-weight: 600; margin: 0!important; padding: 1rem!important;\">Explore More \u2705<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 20px !important; font-weight: 400; margin: 0!important; padding-bottom: 1rem!important; padding-right: 1rem!important; padding-left: 1rem!important;\"><a style=\"color: #0d6efd; text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"https:\/\/vdocipher.com\/?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=banner-cta&amp;utm_campaign=feature\">Ensure Smooth &amp; Secure Streaming of Your Videos With VdoCipher<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 18px !important; font-weight: 400; margin: 0!important; padding-bottom: 1rem!important; padding-right: 1rem!important; padding-left: 1rem!important;\">VdoCipher helps 3000+ customers over 180+ countries to host their videos securely, helping them to boost their video revenues.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"3\" aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">How MPEG DASH works?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:360,&quot;335559739&quot;:120,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">MPEG DASH\u00a0expects the\u00a0video content to\u00a0be stored\u00a0on\u00a0a\u00a0HTTP server\u00a0in\u00a0two parts: Media Presentation Description (MPD)\u00a0and segments.\u00a0MPD\u00a0contains\u00a0the content\u2019s metadata\u00a0in various\u00a0configurations.\u00a0The\u00a0segment\u00a0contains\u00a0the\u00a0bitstreams in the form of\u00a0multiple segments.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">MPEG\u00a0DASH\u00a0retrieves\u00a0the\u00a0MPD\u00a0as soon a HTTP session is\u00a0established\u00a0with the client.\u00a0MPD\u00a0provides\u00a0all the information the DASH\u00a0client needs to\u00a0pre-render the\u00a0video content\u00a0to be played:\u00a0media types,\u00a0available\u00a0video\u00a0resolutions, bandwidth\u00a0range,\u00a0status of\u00a0digital rights management (DRM)\u00a0flag,\u00a0URI of\u00a0the video on the\u00a0HTTP server, etc.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The DASH client\u00a0parse\u00a0the information\u00a0in the MPD file\u00a0to pick the\u00a0most appropriate\u00a0rendition\u00a0of the\u00a0video,\u00a0throws\u00a0a\u00a0HTTP GET request\u00a0to fetch the\u00a0first\u00a0set of segments\u00a0from that rendition,\u00a0and starts\u00a0playing the video.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">To ensure\u00a0continuous stream, the client fetches\u00a0consequent\u00a0segments\u00a0according to the available bandwidth\u00a0and may upscale, downscale segment quality accordingly.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"4\">HLS Vs. DASH<\/h2>\n<h3>The Similarities Between HLS &amp; DASH<\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In hindsight, MPEG-DASH has expected parallelism to other HTTP-based streaming protocol HLS since they both try to address the modern streaming problems. For instance, they both run over HTTP and employ TCP as their transport protocol. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 aria-level=\"3\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Dynamic Streaming<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:320,&quot;335559739&quot;:80,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Streaming videos\u00a0shouldn\u2019t\u00a0start\u00a0over when you change their\u00a0quality\u00a0midway.\u00a0That would be\u00a0a bad experience\u00a0for users and unnecessary load on streaming platforms\u2019\u00a0servers. To circumvent these problems,\u00a0both\u00a0streaming methods\u00a0slice a\u00a0video-set\u00a0into\u00a0consecutive, independent\u00a0subsets\u00a0called segments\u00a0and encodes\u00a0each\u00a0segment\u00a0at\u00a0several\u00a0resolutions\u00a0(SH, HD, UHD, etc.).\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span data-contrast=\"none\">Adaptive\u00a0Streaming<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:320,&quot;335559739&quot;:80,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">If you\u2019re watching a trailer in full HD and realized it is also available in 4K HDR, you may switch the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vdocipher.com\/blog\/2020\/09\/video-quality-bitrate-pixels\/\">video quality<\/a> midway without having to restream the video from scratch. Adaptive streaming means your browser\u2019s inbuilt video player can switch the quality back and forth based on your bandwidth and connection\u2019s quality.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span data-contrast=\"none\">Adjustable segments lengths<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:320,&quot;335559739&quot;:80,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Segment lengths on both\u00a0HLS\u00a0and MPEG DASH\u00a0are user adjustable. HLS used to default to 10 seconds\u00a0until 2016\u00a0when Apple\u00a0switched to\u00a06 seconds\u00a0default\u00a0segments.\u00a0MPEG-DASH\u00a0allows segments to be anywhere from 2 to 10 seconds\u00a0although\u00a0most streaming platforms\u00a0tend to\u00a0keep them between 2-4 seconds for interrupted video playbacks.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The differences\u00a0come\u00a0into\u00a0to play<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:360,&quot;335559739&quot;:120,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">There was one difference to DASH that did not surface until YouTube started streaming content in 4K HDR. HLS restricts HTTP streaming to only two codecs: H.264 and its successor H.265\/HEVC. However, that isn\u2019t the case with MPEG DASH. DASH is codec agnostic and will play any codec you throw on it. Not every streaming platform encodes 4K HDR videos in HEVC. MPEG DASH provides the codec freedom they need.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\"> Both HLS and DASH has been widely used for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vdocipher.com\/blog\/react-native-video\">react video<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vdocipher.com\/blog\/react-native-video\">react native video<\/a> playback<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The Google\u00a0factor<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:360,&quot;335559739&quot;:120,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">For example,\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/bitmovin.com\/vp9-vs-hevc-h265\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Google\u00a0backed its\u00a0own\u00a0home-grown codec<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0VP9\u00a0(successor to VP8)\u00a0over HEVC\u00a0for streaming\u00a04K HDR on YouTube.\u00a0If you remember, 4K streaming was unavailable on Apple devices\u00a0until recently.\u00a0HLS insistence towards HEVC was the reason.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">HLS wasn\u2019t compliant with\u00a0VP9\u00a0so Google went for MPEG DASH for streaming 4K HDR and higher quality content on YouTube.\u00a0As I said,\u00a0MPEG-DASH is codec-agnostic. That is streaming platforms can transport videos in the codec of their choice.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Majority of video streaming still happens in\u00a0SD\u00a0and HD. Video segments in lower quality\u00a0are\u00a0encoded\u00a0in H.264 and\u00a0are\u00a0streamed over HLS.\u00a0HLS has a considerable market share\u00a0of\u00a0video\u00a0streaming\u00a0market,\u00a0and it looks\u00a0like\u00a0it will remain so for\u00a0a foreseeable future.\u00a0MPEG-DASH has a long way to go\u00a0but it\u00a0is\u00a0off to a great start.\u00a0When it comes to content delivery networks (CDNs),\u00a0RTMP servers still process\u00a0a lot of\u00a0videos for processing.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"5\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">How Streaming Platforms Utilise HLS &amp; DASH?<\/span>&#8220;&gt;<\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In our research, we found sufficient evidence to claim that every major streaming platform support DASH in addition to HLS, including <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/mux.com\/blog\/thursday-night-football-streaming-technology-showdown-amazon-prime-vs-twitch\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Amazon Prime Video<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,\u00a0Netflix,\u00a0Disney Plus\u00a0and\u00a0Hulu.\u00a0Game streaming service\u00a0Amazon Twitch is an exception as it relies majorly on HLS for live game streaming.\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.streamingmedia.com\/Articles\/Editorial\/Featured-Articles\/Netflix-Sees-Cost-Savings-in-MPEG-DASH-Adoption-79409.aspx\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Netflix CEO even claimed<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0that MPEG-DASH lowered\u00a0their\u00a0network costs.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"6\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">DASH is the alternative when we need it<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:360,&quot;335559739&quot;:120,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">As expected by the consortium\u00a0that led to the\u00a0formation\u00a0of MPEG-DASH, Apple\u00a0eventually\u00a0did try\u00a0to steer the development of HLS\u00a0in favor of its devices. Apple devices support HEVC since 2018. By restricting HLS support to HEVC, Apple\u00a0abused\u00a0its\u00a0industry\u00a0position\u00a0to enforce HEVC on device manufacturers,\u00a0operating\u00a0platforms,\u00a0and streaming platform.\u00a0Had it not for MPEG-DASH as an open alternative, HEVC would\u00a0had\u00a0have\u00a0become\u00a0the new H.264.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The industry\u00a0rather than giving into Apple\u2019s pressure switched to\u00a0MPEG-DASH for\u00a04K\u00a0HDR content.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"3.1\"><strong>Vdocipher provides Dash + Secure Video playback<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>When dash playback is added with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vdocipher.com\/blog\/in\/drm-solution\">DRM solution<\/a> it not only provides reliable video playback irrespective of network performance but also the secure video playback.<\/p>\n<p>But here\u2019s a catch you won\u2019t be able to serve all your customer with just Dash cause Dash is not majorly supported by the Apple device. For the apple device, you have another playback technology like Dash called HLS and then you have to choose the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vdocipher.com\/blog\/in\/drm-solution\">DRM service<\/a> that serves the Apple device,\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>So we at vdocipher player provide the complete package in Plug and play, which handles all complexity of secure video playback\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"4.1\"><strong>List Other MPEG Dash Player without secure video playback?<\/strong><b><\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Dash.js<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Dash.js is an open-source <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vdocipher.com\/blog\/2020\/09\/online-video-player-html5-website\/\">HTML5 Video player<\/a> based on MPEG_DASH and built by the own dash industry forum to demonstrate a production-ready framework for Dash Playback.<\/p>\n<p>It is based on the Media Source Extension API by w3c and provides a simple user interface with tons of information to debug the video stream for error.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Sample code for using Dash.js :<\/p>\n<pre>&lt;!doctype html&gt;\r\n&lt;html&gt;\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 &lt;head&gt;\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 &lt;title&gt;Dash.js Rocks&lt;\/title&gt;\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 &lt;style&gt;\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 video {\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 width: 640px;\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 height: 360px;\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 }\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 &lt;\/style&gt;\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 &lt;\/head&gt;\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 &lt;body&gt;\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 &lt;div&gt;\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 &lt;video data-dashjs-player autoplay src=\"https:\/\/dash.akamaized.net\/envivio\/EnvivioDash3\/manifest.mpd\" controls&gt;\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 &lt;\/video&gt;\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 &lt;\/div&gt;\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 &lt;script src=\"yourPathToDash\/dash.all.min.js\"&gt;&lt;\/script&gt;\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 &lt;\/body&gt;\r\n&lt;\/html&gt;<\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Exoplayer:<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Exoplayer video player on application level for android, it\u00a0 is alternative to Android&#8217;s MediaPlayer API for providing better features and customization, it has feature like persistent caching and custom rendered.<\/p>\n<p>Android\u2019s MediaPlayer API is fixed to the android version of the device, whereas Exoplayer can be updated via playstore application update<\/p>\n<p>We&#8217;ve also written a blog on how to stream videos on iOS using <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vdocipher.com\/blog\/avplayer\">AVPlayer<\/a>, do check it out to know more about video streaming in iOS.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"5.1\"><strong>How to build the MPEG Dash player?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Dash player functionality is to fetch the manifest file, parse it and play all segments one by one.<\/p>\n<p>MPEG Dash player can be processed in 7 steps:\u00a0<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Get the video element reference<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Create media source<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Create ObjectURL from the media source and add to source of video<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Set the mime type for media source via addSourceBuffer<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Fetch the manifest file and parse and store all required data in variable<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Initialize the video with first segment<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Use event `timeupdate` to continuously update the source with all other segments<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<pre>\/\/ Create media source\r\nconst videoEl = document.getElementById(\"my-video\");\r\nconst mediaSource = new MediaSource();\r\nconst sourceUrl = URL.createObjectURL(mediaSource);\r\nvideoEl.src = sourceUrl;\r\nlet videoSource;\r\nlet segCheck;\r\nlet currentSegmentIndex = 0;\r\nlet lastTime;\r\n\r\n\/\/ get mainfest file\r\nconst xmlData = await fetch(\"MANIFEST_URL_FROM_SERVER\")\r\n\u00a0 .then((r) =&gt; r.text())\r\n\u00a0 .then((xml) =&gt; parser.parseFromString(xml, \"text\/xml\", 0));\r\n\r\n\/\/ extract data from manifest file\r\nconst file = xmlData.querySelectorAll(\"BaseURL\")[0].textContent.toString();\r\nconst rep = xmlData.querySelectorAll(\"Representation\");\r\nconst type = rep[0].getAttribute(\"mimeType\");\r\nconst codecs = rep[0].getAttribute(\"codecs\");\r\nconst width = rep[0].getAttribute(\"width\");\r\nconst height = rep[0].getAttribute(\"height\");\r\nconst bandwidth = rep[0].getAttribute(\"bandwidth\");\r\nconst ini = xmlData.querySelectorAll(\"Initialization\");\r\nconst initialization = ini[0].getAttribute(\"range\");\r\nconst segments = xmlData.querySelectorAll(\"SegmentURL\");\r\nconst segList = xmlData.querySelectorAll(\"SegmentList\");\r\nlet segDuration = segList[0].getAttribute(\"duration\");\r\n\r\n\/\/ wait for media source to ready\r\nmediaSource.addEventListener(\r\n\u00a0 \"sourceopen\",\r\n\u00a0 function (e) {\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 try {\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 videoSource = mediaSource.addSourceBuffer(\"video\/mp4\");\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 initVideo(initialization, file);\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 } catch (e) {\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 log(\"Exception calling addSourceBuffer for video\", e);\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 return;\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 }\r\n\u00a0 },\r\n\u00a0 false\r\n);\r\n\r\n\/\/ init the video with first segment\r\nasync function initVideo(range, url) {\r\n\u00a0 const segmentVideoBuffer = await fetch(url, {\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 header: `Range: \"bytes=${range}\"`,\r\n\u00a0 });\r\n\u00a0 B.appendBuffer(new Uint8Array(segmentVideoBuffer));\r\n\u00a0 videoEl.addEventListener(\"timeupdate\", playSegment);\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/\/ play all segment one by one if necessary\r\nfunction playSegment() {\r\n\u00a0 if (index &lt; segments.length &amp;&amp; videoEl.currentTime - lastTime &gt;= segCheck) {\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 const range = segments[index].getAttribute(\"mediaRange\").toString();\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 segCheck = (timeToDownload(range) * 0.8).toFixed(3);\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 const segmentVideoBuffer = await fetch(url, {\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 header: `Range: \"bytes=${range}\"`,\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 });\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 videoSource.appendBuffer(new Uint8Array(segmentVideoBuffer));\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 segCheck = (timeToDownload(range) * 0.8).toFixed(3);\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 lastTime = videoElement.currentTime;\r\n\u00a0 }\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/\/ Helper\r\nfunction timeToDownload(range) {\r\n\u00a0 const [start, end] = range.split(\"-\");\r\n\u00a0 return ((end - start) * 8) \/ bandwidth;\r\n}<\/pre>\n<h2><span data-contrast=\"auto\">HLS Vs DASH, Which One To Pick?<br \/>\n<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The problem is 1.65 billion Apple devices in use today.\u00a0We\u00a0cannot stream\u00a0a video\u00a0encoded with\u00a0MPEG-DASH\u00a0on an iPhone, iPad, or Apple TV. On macOS\u00a0the situation is a little tricky,\u00a0Apple users\u00a0cannot\u00a0stream\u00a0MPEG-DASH on Safari or any application that uses its\u00a0Webkit\u00a0engine\u00a0for web view.\u00a0However,\u00a0users\u00a0Google Chrome\u00a0and\u00a0Microsoft\u00a0Edge\u00a0on macOS can,\u00a0but users prefer the default\u00a0browser.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Moreover, most videos are\u00a0unavailable in 4K HDR and\u00a0not everybody has the device and\u00a0bandwidth\u00a0capable of handling\u00a04K videos.\u00a0Many\u00a0streaming platforms prefer HLS for low quality streaming\u00a0and only<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">switch to\u00a0MPEG-DASH for streaming content in 4K\u00a0on non-Apple devices.\u00a0Because that is what they have been doing for a long,\u00a0long time.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">It always better to have\u00a0viable\u00a0alternatives<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:360,&quot;335559739&quot;:120,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Despite\u00a0being controlled\u00a0by Apple, HLS\u00a0pioneered an ingenious method\u00a0to video streaming\u00a0employing existing web standards internet protocols.\u00a0MPEG DASH improved on the method.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Video streaming over HTTP\u00a0was a huge deal at a time when Flash was\u00a0getting\u00a0annoying\u00a0every day.\u00a0I\u00a0don\u2019t\u00a0remember a time when I could play a Flash video on\u00a0YouTube without updating Adobe\u2019s plugin.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Whether Apple favored\u00a0its devices\u00a0while\u00a0developing\u00a0of HLS is still a matter of debate.\u00a0H.265\u00a0was supposed to be the successor to H.264 until it\u00a0wasn\u2019t.\u00a0MPEG DASH saved the day and become a mainstream streaming platform and the most\u00a0viable\u00a0alternative.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Nevertheless, without these incidents, DASH wouldn\u2019t have grown in popularity and adoption to become a viable alternative to Apple\u2019s proprietary streaming platform. Finally, we have a streaming method that is equally capable and loyalty-free. Competition is good regardless.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>VdoCipher Encrypted DRM Infrastructure Details<\/b><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Upload of Videos (All common formats are supported )<br \/>\n<\/b>The content can be uploaded through Dashboard or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vdocipher.com\/blog\/2018\/05\/video-api-v3\/\">APIs<\/a>. Upload from desktop, FTP, DropBox, Box, URL, Server all is supported.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Encryption &amp; Transcoding for DRM streaming<br \/>\n<\/b>Videos are converted into encrypted files, and multiple qualities &amp; versions for ensuring delivery of quality content at all devices, browsers, and all connection speeds. The encrypted content is stored at our AWS S3 servers and raw videos are never exposed. We have set up our custom EC2 instances for the encoding pipeline, and the resultant files are hosted securely on AWS S3 servers.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vdocipher.com\/blog\/2016\/08\/encrypted-video-streaming-vdocipher-technology-details\/\">Encrypted Video Streaming<\/a><br \/>\n<\/b>As discussed above the high-security key and license exchange mechanism supports the transfer of encrypted video data, ensuring HLS DRM level security. Dynamic URLs ensure that each playback is authenticated and the URL cannot be extracted outside the website or app for pirated playback. We use multiple top tier CDNs &#8211; Cloudfront, Akamai, Google CDN, Verizon to ensure smooth delivery of content all across the globe<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Decryption in Video Player &amp; Watermarking<br \/>\n<\/b>There is a private communication between our API &amp; the client website. This ensures that its not possible for hackers to decrypt our streams. The One Time encryption that we use is theoretically and practically hack-proof. The website embedding the video content requests a One-time password from the VdoCipher web server using the API. This OTP request is made only after the user is authenticated. The VdoCipher API returns the OTP, which is used to render the embed code. This embed code is valid for a single playback session only. Along with the key a usage policy is specified, ensuring that only a logged-in and authenticated user is allowed to playback the encrypted video. The video would simply fail to play if an external plugin or downloader is used to try to access the video file.We have timely modifications to our licensing and authentication mechanism to keep security updated.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Watermarking <\/b>-Video licensing and playback are combined to generate customisable viewer specific watermarks. The watermark can be IP address, Email ID \u00a0and User ID shown in customisable colour &amp; transparency to identify a playback session by the viewer.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Result \u2013 Progressive High Secure Streaming<br \/>\n<\/b>Through this 6-step Video Hosting, Encryption and Streaming process, VdoCipher, as a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vdocipher.com\/video-hosting-software\"> video hosting software<\/a>,\u00a0 is able to provide a progressive high security video streaming with future buffer possible. This is also different from RTMP which does not maintain any buffer and can be quite erratic as a result.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>You can find out more about <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vdocipher.com\/blog\/in\/drm-solution\">DRM Solution<\/a> here.<\/p>\n<h2>Final Thoughts<\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">With DASH insight the future of video streaming looks better than ever. We expect the growing adoption of MPEG DASH will have a catalytic effect. The demand for 4K HDR content is at an all-time high. I don\u2019t see any reason DASH will gain more streaming market share. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>There is a lot that goes on behind every video stream. To stream your videos seamlessly, video streaming protocols play a huge role. They break the video into smaller chunks and send it to the viewer. Depending on your requirements and end goals there are several protocols available. One of these is MPEG-DASH, which is [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[130,37,226],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-7498","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-knowledge-base","7":"category-market-technology-analysis","8":"category-video-tech","9":"entry"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.0 (Yoast SEO v26.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>MPEG-DASH: Dynamic Adaptive Streaming Over HTTP Explained\u00a0(2025)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"MPEG-DASH is a streaming method, DASH stands for &quot;Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP. 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